Tuesday, September 30, 2014

A renewed U.S.-India partnership for the 21st century

As nations committed to democracy, liberty, diversity and enterprise, India and the United States are bound by common values and mutual interests. We have each shaped the positive trajectory of human history, and through our joint efforts, our natural and unique partnership can help shape international security and peace for years to come.
Ties between the United States and India are rooted in the shared desire of our citizens for justice and equality. When Swami Vivekananda presented Hinduism as a world religion, he did so at the 1893 World’s Parliament of Religions in Chicago. When Martin Luther King Jr. sought to end discrimination and prejudice against African Americans, he was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s nonviolent teachings. Gandhiji himself drew upon the writings of Henry David Thoreau.


As nations, we’ve partnered over the decades to deliver progress to our people. The people of India remember the strong foundations of our cooperation. The food production increases of the Green Revolution and the Indian Institutes of Technology are among the many products of our collaboration.
Today our partnership is robust, reliable and enduring, and it is expanding. Our relationship involves more bilateral collaboration than ever before — not just at the federal level but also at the state and local levels, between our two militaries, private sectors and civil society. Indeed, so much has happened that, in 2000, then-Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee could declare that we are natural allies.

After many years of growing cooperation since, on any given day, our students work together on research projects, our scientists develop cutting-edge technology and senior officials consult closely on global issues. Our militaries conduct joint exercises in air, on land and at sea, and our space programs engage in unprecedented areas of cooperation, leading us from Earth to Mars. And in this partnership, the Indian American community has been a vibrant, living bridge between us. Its success has been the truest reflection of the vitality of our people, the value of America’s open society and the strength of what we can do when we join together.
Still, the true potential of our relationship has yet to be fully realized. The advent of a new government in India is a natural opportunity to broaden and deepen our relationship. With a reinvigorated level of ambition and greater confidence, we can go beyond modest and conventional goals. It is time to set a new agenda, one that realizes concrete benefits for our citizens.
This will be an agenda that enables us to find mutually rewarding ways to expand our collaboration in trade, investment and technology that harmonize with India’s ambitious development agenda, while sustaining the United States as the global engine of growth. When we meet today in Washington, we will discuss ways in which we can boost manufacturing and expand affordable renewable energy, while sustainably securing the future of our common environment.
We will discuss ways in which our businesses, scientists and governments can partner as India works to improve the quality, reliability and availability of basic services, especially for the poorest of citizens. In this, the United States stands ready to assist. An immediate area of concrete support is the “Clean India” campaign, where we will leverage private and civil society innovation, expertise and technology to improve sanitation and hygiene throughout India.
While our shared efforts will benefit our own people, our partnership aspires to be larger than merely the sum of its parts. As nations, as people, we aspire to a better future for all; one in which our strategic partnership also produces benefits for the world at large. While India benefits from the growth generated by U.S. investment and technical partnerships, the United States benefits from a stronger, more prosperous India. In turn, the region and the world benefit from the greater stability and security that our friendship creates. We remain committed to the larger effort to integrate South Asia and connect it with markets and people in Central and Southeast Asia.
As global partners, we are committed to enhancing our homeland security by sharing intelligence, through counterterrorism and law-enforcement cooperation, while we jointly work to maintain freedom of navigation and lawful commerce across the seas. Our health collaboration will help us tackle the toughest of challenges, whether combating the spread of Ebola, researching cancer cures or conquering diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria and dengue. And we intend to expand our recent tradition of working together to empower women, build capacity and improve food security in Afghanistan and Africa.
The exploration of space will continue to fire our imaginations and challenge us to raise our ambitions. That we both have satellites orbiting Mars tells its own story. The promise of a better tomorrow is not solely for Indians and Americans: It also beckons us to move forward together for a better world. This is the central premise of our defining partnership for the 21st century. Forward together we go — chalein saath saath.

Monday, September 29, 2014

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Making India Clean, & More


Mahatma Gandhi had rightly said, “Sanitation is more important than Independence”. He was aware of the pathetic situation of Indian rural people at that time and he dreamt of a clean India where he emphasised on cleanliness and sanitation as an integral part of living. Unfortunately, we have completed 67 years of independence and we have only about 30% of the rural households with access to toilets.
President Pranab Mukherjee in his address to Parliament in June 2014, said, “For ensuring hygiene, waste management and sanitation across the nation a “Swachh Bharat Mission” will be launched. This will be our tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150th birth anniversary to be celebrated in the year 2019”.
The Narendra Modi Government will soon launch the “Swachh Bharat” movement to solve the sanitation problem in India, to solve the problem of waste management and make India a clean country, ensuring hygiene all across the country. Emphasising “Clean India” on August 15, 2014 in his Independence day speech, the Prime Minister said that this movement is associated with the economic activity of the country. This mission for creating a clean India will be launched on October 2, 2014, the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi with the target of completing the mission in 2019, the 150th birth anniversary of the father of the nation. The basic objective behind Swachh Bharat Mission is to create sanitation facilities for all and eliminate completely the unhealthy practice of responding to the nature’s call in the open. It aims to provide every rural family with a toilet by 2019.
First cleanliness drive starts on September 25
According to a statement by the PMO, all offices up to panchayat level will participate in a cleanliness drive that shall be carried out from September 25 till Diwali on October 23. As a part of the awareness campaign, the Delhi Government plans to cover more than 8 lakh ration card holders by sending sms to their mobile numbers.
What is Modi’s opinion?
Modi has directly linked the Clean India movement with the economic activity of the nation. This mission, according to him, can contribute to GDP growth, provide a source of employment and reduce health costs, thereby connecting to an economic activity. Cleanliness is no doubt connected to the tourism and global interests of the country as a whole. India is already a known hub in the world tourist map. It is high time now that India’s top 50 tourist destinations display high class levels of hygiene and cleanliness so as to change the nation’s global perception.
Clean India can bring in more tourists, thereby increasing the revenue. He has appealed to the people to devote 100 hours every year to cleanliness. Not only the sanitation programme, Modi also laid emphasis on solid waste management and waste water management. Nitin Gadkari, Union Minister of Rural Development, Drinking Water & Sanitation, said that solid and liquid waste management activities using scientifically proved advanced techniques will be launched in each gram panchayat. Narendra Modi has also directed that separate toilets for boys and girls should be provided in every school in the country by August 15, 2015.
Objectives of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
The details of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is under development presently. But the following principles will be included:
  • Construction of individual, cluster and community toilets.
  • To eliminate or reduce open defecation. Open defecation is one of the main causes of deaths of thousands of children each year.
  • Not only latrine construction, the Swachh Bharat Mission will also make an initiative of establishing an accountable mechanism of monitoring latrine use.
  • Public awareness will also be provided about the drawbacks of open defecation and promotion of latrine use.
  • Proper, dedicated ground staff will be recruited to bring about behavioural change and promotion of latrine use.
  • For proper sanitation use, the mission will aim at changing people’s attitudes, mindsets and behaviours.
  • To keep villages clean.
  • Solid and liquid waste management through gram panchayats.
  • To lay water pipelines in all villages, ensuring water supply to all households by 2019.
Let’s make Swachh Bharat Abhiyan a success
The PM has rightly asserted that Swachh Bharat Abhiyan should be a combined effort of both the Government as well as the people. We hope that the Swachh Bharat Mission does not become another Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan started by the previous Government in 1999 with the same mission but was not a success.
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan should not be a mere re-branding exercise. There is no doubt about the fact that change begins at home. Every citizen of the country should be clean and have hygiene and think of progress rather than waiting for the Government to make this plan successful. Let us also hope that we can change the minds of the people and focus on the real issues and not just constructing toilets. Let us all pledge to make this mission a success…

Saturday, September 27, 2014

India Added ‘Zero’ To Maths


Are you one of those who feel why Zero existed, or for that matter the Maths subject existed at all? Or are you one of those who would work out how a 2(a+b) can be relevant in your daily life?
Well, you may fall into any category but there is no escaping the fact that Maths is indeed an important subject. You will be surprised at how it comes to use on a daily basis and yes, India has made major contributions towards the subject. Today, we explore how Maths plays a role in our lives and what has been India’s contribution.
Daily life and Maths
As you begin your day in the morning, even before you are completely awake, you would have begun using Maths. Don’t you occasionally snooze off the alarm and set a new time? There you are! You are using Maths to calculate the new time to set.
Then, you get ready to go to school or office. You know exactly the amount of time you have in hand to reach your destination or the amount of gas required in the car. You are calculating – Maths again.
At school, during a tough History paper, you are checking the number of questions attempted and the possible marks you may get. You are using Maths in a subject that seems to be not even remotely connected to Maths. History not connected to Maths? Impossible! History is filled with time durations and dates that are used to describe different eras and civilizations. All these data is evolved through Maths. Most of the subjects use Maths in some way or the other.
At work, one is constantly using Maths – right from tax calculation to salary negotiations to fixing up meetings to procuring inventory – the subject is determining and defining the moves in the office.
When it comes to savings, a good knowledge of Maths can lead to decent gains. If one is investing in the stock markets and understands the probabilities surrounding gains and risks, he can gear up to mitigate the risks.
As one goes shopping, Maths becomes an integral part of the shopping experience – right from checking out the price tags to picking up the products that are within the budget, one is using Maths. Maths also enables one to understand the finances and to chalk out financial plans.
Suppose you are a sports enthusiast, you may be surprised at how Maths plays a role there too – right from noting the scores to timing the game to declaring the winning team, Maths plays a major contributing factor in all the areas.
Coming back home to the kitchen. This is a place where Maths is really put to use – right from measurement of ingredients to the time required for cooking to laying the table, Maths is behind most of the activities performed in the kitchen.
Maths is an integral part of our life. Now, let us see the contributions that India has made towards the subject.

India’s contribution towards Maths

India has had a long pursuit with Maths and the presence of the subject in India can be traced to 3rd millennium BC.
During this era, India is believed to have been involved in the study of mathematical astronomy and is believed to have used Mathematics and Geometry to support their research and findings.
Zero was already known to ancient Indians. India gave the world Zero and that changed the entire perspective of how Maths worked.
Brahmagupta (598-668), who was the head of astronomy observatory in Ujjain, had introduced Zero to support the concept that nothingness is a reality and therefore it exists.
Before Zero came into being, it was difficult to understand numbers. For instance a 505, would be written as 5 5 (with a space in between). With the introduction of Zero, Brahmaputra is believed to have made a major contribution. Once the existence of Zero was established, the concepts of negative numbers, integers, equations and other formulas subsequently evolved.
The Indus Valley civilization showed traces of mathematics, where the sites – Harappa and Mohenjo-daro – used Mathematics developed in India to come up with some brilliant architecture. Both the sites are now in Pakistan. The Harappans used uniform system of weight and measures. Excavations reveal that they used scales and weights that had decimal numbers. Some of the scales had made use of inches even. The ruins of the buildings of the Harappan era reveal that units of lengths were accurately used in the construction.
Besides architecture, Mathematics was also found to have been used in religious texts in ancient India. The Vedic texts contained Sulbasutras or appendices that gave rules to construct altars. Religion played a crucial role in the astronomical studies in India as accurate calendars based on the positioning of the planets and the heavenly bodies had to be prepared for religious observances. For many centuries, mathematics was an applied science in India and was used to solve practical problems.
Let us now take a quick look at some of the Indian mathematicians who made great contribution towards the subject. We have already spoken about Brahmagupta, here are a few other geniuses:
Aryabhatta (476-529)
Aryabhatta was the person behind the place value systems. He used letters to signify numbers and to state qualities. He was the one who discovered the position of the nine planets and formulated the theory that the planets revolved round the sun. He dispelled the earlier belief that Dhurva Rahu caused the phases in the moon and the Parva Rahu caused eclipse by covering the moon with the modern theory of eclipses. He also came up with the correct number of days in a year. Apart from astronomy, he is credited to have laid down the procedures for algebra, arithmetic, trigonometry and geometry and to also have given 3.1416 as the value of Pi.
Bhaskara (1114-1185)
Bhaskara is the one who came up with this concept that anything divided by zero is infinity. And infinity added to any number or vice versa is also infinity.
Srinivas Ramanujan (1887-1920)
A much celebrated mathematician of the twentieth century, Ramanujan developed a formula for partitioning any natural number. He expressed integers as the sum of cubes or squares or higher power of integers.
Conclusion
India’s contributions towards Maths has been immense and it can be easily summed in this quote by physicist and philosopher of science Albert Einstein.
“We owe a lot to the Indians who taught us how to count, without which no significant scientific discovery could have been made.”

Friday, September 26, 2014

Narendra Modi Launches ‘Make In India’


The launch of the ‘Make in India’ campaign by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to attract foreign investments and boost the manufacturing sector of India has been timed to perfection. It comes a day after India’s indigenously manufactured satellite Mangalyaan was successfully put in the Martian orbit, showing to the world the progress India has made in manufacturing processes, technology, science and innovation. It also comes a day ahead of the PM’s visit to the US. ‘Make in India’ is intended to provide a major fillip to India’s manufacturing industry which currently contributes about 15% of the national GDP.
The Prime Minister released a brochure with all the information that will be required by investors about 25 key sectors in India. The brochure carried the newly designed ‘Make In India’ logo which has been inspired by the Ashoka Chakra and the lion. A large number of Indian corporate honchos were present at the launch of the campaign in Delhi on Thursday.
Here are some of the key takeaways from the Prime Minister’s speech at the launch ceremony.
  • Trust and confidence in the government and policymakers have been lost. These need to be regained.
  • We do not want to see any company or enterprise leave India due to business constraints
  • An environment of trust will convince industry leaders of the government’s commitment to developing industry
  • FDI is a responsibility for the people and an opportunity for the global investors; FDI for Indians should be “First Develop India” and Foreign Direct Investment for the investors
  • Only when India moves away from poverty will purchasing power in the country increase and when this happens the country will start to bloom as a grand huge market for industries
  • The movement away from poverty will come from increase in employment; employment will come only when we start developing the manufacturing sector in India.
  • Investors are not attracted by incentives; investment will be attracted only by friendly policies and a secure environment
  • Ease of business is important for development; India has slipped low in the list of countries in terms of ease of doing business
  • Scrutiny and red tape should not create barriers for development; simplification of processes should be the focus and redundancy done away with
  • The world is looking to invest in Asia, particularly in Asian democracies, and in places with high demand – India fits the bill perfectly
  • Effective governance is a key factor in attracting investors; the government needs to reassure investors of its effectiveness in promoting business and industry
  • Skilled manpower mapped to the natural potential and creation of sustainable growth will be the focus of ‘Make in India’
  • Private-public partnership must be the basis of skills development in the country
  • It is the government’s responsibility to facilitate the creation of an environment conducive to development
  • 65% population of the country is less than 35 years of age – there is immense manpower. After the indigenous development of Mangalyaan, India’s talent and skills too cannot be questioned
  • Digital India is the crux of effective governance; if this is not achieved, the governance and society will stay divergent. Ease of governance will come only with use of technology
  • For years we have been emphasizing on Look East; only when we link West to this will we develop
  • There are numerous opportunities in manufacturing and to develop this sector we will require a whole new world of infrastructure – from highways to I(nformation) ways, gas, water pipelines, ports, and a lot many more
  • This government does not have a political agenda; it is dedicated to development as an article of faith
  • The life and destiny of India can and will be changed for the better
  • May Indian companies become multinational organizations but only when they grow and develop with India
  • Only when the Centre and the state governments work together in tandem can India’s true development potential be tapped into; development of states is the development of the country
  • ‘Make in India’ is our responsibility; may India garner strength with this mission
  • The ‘Make in India’ campaign is dedicated to Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya, the patriotic thinker and philosopher
And here is what some of the top industrialists said in their speeches:
Cyrus Mistry – Chairman, Tata Sons
  • Make In India is a timely opportunity for Indian companies to grow and contribute to the development of the country
  • India’s manufacturing sector needs to grow – to contribute at least 25% of the GDP – to be at par with other Asian countries. It currently contributes just over 15%
  • Labour laws need to be reformed for the sector to develop
  • Transparent laws and industry-friendly policies need to be framed
  • Rollout of the GST (Goods & Services Tax) needs to be expedited, and reforming tax structure is imperative
  • Tata Group is committed to investing in India
Kenichi Ayukawa – MD and CEO, Maruti Suzuki India
  • Suzuki’s India venture has been the most successful
  • Cars in India are manufactured at a lower in cost
  • The government must work to remove factors affecting manufacturing competitiveness
Mukesh Ambani – Chairman & Managing Director, Reliance Industries
  • This is a historic day for the Indian manufacturing industry
  • ‘Make in India’ is about the present and future, not about the past
  • Reliance will create 1.25 lakh jobs in next 12-15 months
  • There is a great need to connect village clusters to global markets to promote export
  • India needs to be open to foreign capital investment and import of expertise
Azim Premji – Chairman, Wipro Limited
  • Products made in India are suitable for all extreme climates
  • Indian products represent a blend of low-cost and innovation in designs
  • 80% sourcing of raw material for Wipro comes from domestic suppliers
KM Birla – Chairman, Aditya Birla Group
  • It is high time India becomes a preferred manufacturing hub
  • We need millions of jobs to prop up our economy
  • India has all that is needed to make it a key manufacturing destination – skills, raw material, and entrepreneurship
Chanda Kochchar – MD & CEO, ICICI Bank
  • Make in India is the next growth driver for India
  • Manufacturing sector can add 9 crore jobs in the coming decade
  • Quality, cost, and sustainability – the three things that need to be ensured
  • Emphasis needs to be on transparence of policy, infrastructure, skills development, and priority areas
Phil Shaw – CEO, Lockheed Martin
  • India is the epicentre of innovation
Y C Deveshwar – Chairman, ITC
  • Jobless growth unsustainable
  • 12 million youth are looking for employment and 2 million jobs are available – this gap needs to be plugged
  • Biggest beneficiaries of Make in India is the youth
  • Inflation and unemployment can be eliminated by Make in India

Thursday, September 25, 2014

India Retains 6th Rank In Billionaire Population


India has reached its 100 billionaire mark amongst the billionaires of the world in 2014. According to the Wealth-X and UBS Billionaire Census 2014, released on September 17, 2014, India’s billionaire population stands at 100. The total billionaire wealth of the country is $175 billion. The country that leads is the United States followed by China. Mumbai, the financial capital of our country, is among the top 20 billionaire cities in the world. There are 28 billionaires in Mumbai at present. The city which is at the top in the number of billionaires is the New York city.
Wealth-X and UBS Billionaire Census looks at the global billionaire population every year. The Wealth-X and UBS Billionaire Census reported that 230 people in the country have a wealth of Rs. 1800 crore. The number of billionaires decreased by 3% this year as compared to last year. The total billionaire wealth of the country has also fallen by $5 billion compared to 2013. The good news is that India still holds the 6th position worldwide in the club of billionaires and India has more billionaires than Hong Kong, Switzerland and France, among others. The total wealth of India’s richest is $422 billion, which is 22% of India’s GDP. It is reported that this amount is larger than UAE ($396 billion), South Africa ($350 billion) and Qatar ($200 billion) .
The top 10 in the club of 100 Indian billionaires
  • Rank 1: Mukesh Ambani
  • Rank 2: Dilip Shanghvi
  • Rank 3: Lakshmi Mittal
  • Rank 4: Azim Premji
  • Rank 5: Shiv Nadar
  • Rank 6: SP Hinduja
  • Rank 7: Pallonji Mistry
  • Rank 8: KM Birla
  • Rank 9: Sunil Mittal
  • Rank 10: Gautam Adani
Mukesh Ambani tops the list
While Mukesh Ambani retains the first position, the new entrant in the list of top 10 is Gautami Adani of Adani enterprises. Mukesh Ambani, chairman and managing director of one of India’s largest conglomerate, Reliance Industries Limited, has an estimated net worth of $24.1 billion as of July 2014. Till July 2014, Gautam Adani’s net wealth was worth $5.3 billion. The chairman and founder of Adani Group, Gautam Adani, is one of the biggest gainers in the list of 100 billionaires with his wealth rising by 152 per cent.
Dilip Shanghvi and others
  • Founder and managing director of Sun Pharmaceuticals, Dilip Shanghvi is in the second position, while steel magnate LN Mittal of Arcelormittal is in the third position.
  • The fourth position is retained by Wipro chairman Azim Hashim Premji, HCL chairman Shiv Nadar is at fifth. SP Hinduja, chairman of Hinduja Group is at sixth, Shapoorji Pallonji Group chairman Pallonji Mistry at seventh.
  • We also have Kumar Mangalam Birla of the Aditya Birla Group in the top 10 positions, holding the eighth rank followed by Sunil Mittal, chairman and Group CEO of Bharti Enterprises.
  • Other noteworthy names in the billionaire club of 100 Indians are Anil Ambani of Reliance Communications, Hyderabad-based P V Ramprasad Reddy , founder of Aurobindo Pharma, Sachin and Binny Bansal, the founders of Flipkart, India’s online retailer etc.
Mumbai is home to the largest number of billionaires in India (28 billionaires) followed by Delhi and Bangalore. The main source of wealth in India is the manufacturing sector, followed by pharmaceuticals and real estate.

Congratulatory Words Pour In For Mars Success


India receives accolades for its Mars feat
Despite facing monetary and technological limitations, when India’s Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) spacecraft entered Mars’ orbit on September 24 -exactly 10 months and19 days after it was launched from Sriharikota on November 5, 2013, India became the first nation in the world to successfully make to the Mars in its maiden attempt. Rare feat which was achieved just in two years, as the approval for the mission was given by the government only in August, 2012. Also, the budget allocated for the mission was one tenth of America’s MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) mission which cost NASA around$671 million. India’s Mars project cost only$74 million – about three quarters of the amount Hollywood spent on making the Oscar winning movies “Gravity”. This has also put India in the select group of nations which successfully put their spacecrafts to the MARS orbit. Prior to India, technological behemoths like America, Russia and European Union could show their prowess to launch crafts up to Mars and that too after several bouts of failures.
This can be analyzed from the fact that out of 41 missions that were carried out since the 1990s, only 23 remained successful. Even Japan and China failed summarily. Japan had launched its Mars mission in 1999, it could not triumph over the tough task of crossing earth’s orbit, similarly a Chinese spacecraft destined for Mars failed to leave earth’s orbit in 2011. In that way, India has also become the first Asian country to make it to Mars orbit with help from technology built indigenously. This has propelled the world to send congratulatory words to India and its scientists from the ISRO (Indian Space Research Centre). China, India’s rival in the immediate neighbourhood, has praised the country for its spectacular achievement given that China’s only English tabloid daily Global Times had given a critical comment in its editorial after India launched Mars mission last year.
“This is the pride of India and the pride of Asia, and a landmark progress in humankind’s exploration of outer space,” Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying said while saying “China always maintained peaceful development of our space and carry out cooperation in this regard.” Of course, it has been Pakistani scientists, known for their barbs against India, have been left squirming on their seats after India’s marvelous space development. Abdul Quadeer Khan, father of Pakistan’s nuclear programme and who is said to have stealthily sold off nuclear technology to Iran, North Korea, Libya and other nations, could not hide his glee cum disappointment syndrome following India’s metro bus project whilst Nawaz enjoys US visit with $1 lakh per day on our tax.”
But since India has stolen the show and that too, hours before Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s much publicized US visit, American leaders from President Barack Obama to Secretary of State John Kerry have poured words of praise for this spectacular performance of the ISRO. In that manner, America’s space agency NASA had a special word of admiration for the ISRO’s feat. NASA administrator Charles Bolden maintained, “We congratulate the Indian Space Organisation for its successful arrival at Mars with the Mars Orbiter Mission. It was an impressive engineering feat, and we welcome India to the family of nations studying another facet of the Red Planet. We look forward to MOM adding to the knowledge the international community is gathering with the other spacecraft at Mars. All space exploration expands the frontiers of scientific knowledge and improves life for everyone on earth. We commend this significant milestone for India.”
On the other hand, Russia which praised India profusely after its Mar mission was successfully launched in 2013, led the march in commending the feat India achieved with the shoestring budget. Although exact words of Putin’s congratulatory words have not been made public, but largely they are singing paeans of Indian space scientists achievements.
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Mauritius, European countries have also sent their congratulatory words, which according to some analysts indicate about India’s emergence as a major space power of the world. Indeed, India has moved on. As result, analysts like C Uday Bhaskar of the Society for Policy Studies have no qualm in saying that “Mars is a crucial marketing opportunity for low-cost technological know-how.” Mangalyaan which will move in an elliptical orbit around Mars will remain operational for six months because its fuel will last for that period only, yet during its brief life period it will enlighten the humans by sending back crucial information about weather and methane levels from the Red planet-680 million kilometres away from earth.

Hello! Mars, India Has Come! We’re In The Orbit!


India’s Mars Orbiter Mission has clocked success. We have become the first country to be successful in the maiden attempt in a Mars mission. The spacecraft entered the Martian orbit Wednesday morning exactly at the appointed time, the ISRO has since confirmed. Technically, the burn start of the main liquid engine was prompt. However, the radio link between the spacecraft and earth is now blocked by Mars as the planet is undergoing an eclipse and is in the shadow of the sun. As such, the signals are expected to be relayed from the Australian space centre in the afternoon as per an arrangement.
The Mars Orbiter Mission was India’s first inter-planetary mission to Mars with an orbiter craft designed to be put into its orbit, that is elliptical. The mission was primarily a technological one involving critical operations and requirements.
The ISRO has set the following as the mission objectives:

Scientific Objectives:

Exploration of Mars surface features, morphology, mineralogy and Martian atmosphere by indigenous scientific instruments.

Technological Objectives:

  1. Design and realisation of a Mars orbiter with a capability to survive and perform Earth bound manoeuvres, cruise phase of 300 days, Mars orbit insertion / capture, and on-orbit phase around Mars.
  2. Deep space communication, navigation, mission planning and management.
  3. Incorporate autonomous features to handle contingency situations.
The success of the first interplanetary mission which was launched successfully by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on 5th November, 2013 has placed India in the fourth position after the Soviet Space Programme, NASA and the European Space Agency.
After the launch of Chandrayaan 1 in 2008 the idea Of the MOM mission was conceptualized, with a feasibility study in 2010. On 3rd August, 2012 the project was approved by the Government of India. The cost of total project was Rs. 4.54 billion, out of which Rs. 1.25 billion was spent on the required studies for the orbiter.
On 5th August, 2013 the assembling of PSLV – XL launch vehicle was started. On 2nd October, 2013 the shipment of the finished spacecraft to Srihorikota, Andhra Pradesh was scheduled so that integration to PSLV-XL launch vehicle can be done. At ISRO Satellite Centre, the five scientific instruments were mounted successfully. It has marked a record that the satellite’s development was finished in a span of only 15 months. In the year 2017 – 2020 there is a plan that ISRO will send a follow up mission with a greater scientific payload. There are a group of scientists headed by the chairman of ISRO K.Radhakrishnan are going to create a milestone in the Indian Space History.
The mass of the lift-off was 1,350kg which includes propellant of 852 kg and is cuboid in shape of approximately 1.5 m. The propulsion hardware configuration is same as Chandrayaan 1 with some higher modifications and upgradations that is required for a Mars mission and bus of the spacecraft is a modification of I-1K structure. There are three solar array panels which can generate electric power. For orbit raising and insertion in the Martian orbit, 440N thrust liquid fuel engine has been used.
There are two factors for which ISRO had to choose less powerful PSLV for this mission which cannot be directly launched on Mars trajectory. Firstly, as GSLV failed twice in two space missions in 2010, ISRO could not take chances to experiment with it. And secondly, the MOM project could have been delayed for at least another three years if the new batch of rockets were ordered. As the PSLV is less powerful ISRO first launched it into earth.
ISRO chairman K. Radhakrishnan announced the delay of the launch for a week on 19th October, 2013. This was because of the arrival of the telemetry ship in Fiji Islands which was delayed. So instead of 28th October, 2013, MOM was launched on 5th November, 2013 with the primary aim for demonstrating the operation of an interplanetary mission to Mars. On the same day the satellite was successfully placed on Earth’s orbit by the PSLV-XL.
On 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, and 16 November various orbit raising operations were carried out from the Spacecraft Control Centre (SCC) at ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) at Peenya, Bangalore. Though the results of the first three maneuvers for orbit raising were minimal the fourth was quite successful. During the spacecraft’s stay in Earth’s orbit, six burns were completed in total. On 30th November, 2013 seventh burn was carried out for the insertion of MOM into heliocentric orbit for the transition to Mars.
Three trajectory maneuvers were carried out though four were originally planned. On December, 11th 2013, the first Trajectory Correction Maneuver (TCM) was carried out followed by the second one on 11th June, 2014 which was actually scheduled on April 2014 as it was not required. By 15th September, 2014 MOM had covered 98% of its journey. As the orbiter’s trajectory was closely matching with the planned trajectory, the third planned trajectory correction maneouver was also postponed and ultimately it was carried out on Monday, 22nd September, 2014. The last trajectory course correction is very important as the scientists of ISRO reignited the main engine of Mars Orbiter Mission which was idle for such a long time.
Finally, the day has arrived for which millions of Indians and the whole world was waiting for the last 300 days. ISRO scientists have ensured that the main engine is in very good condition and it is ready for the 24 minute firing for the insertion of the spacecraft in the Martian orbit in its scheduled time. People from all over the world witness the historic moment as Mangalyaan successfully entered the Martian orbit. PM Mr. Narendra Modi who was present at ISRO centre congratulated all the scientists. While addressing the scientists, he says, ‘India has successfully reached Mars’. ‘India has dared to reach out into the unknown. History has been created by our scientists. ISRO joins the elite group of agencies to have successfully reached Mars’, he added.
We as Indians feel proud of our ISRO scientists and all the people who were connected with this project. It is a dream comes true. India is the first country to enter the orbit in its maiden attempt.

Tuesday, September 16, 2014

Five Places For Family Vacation


Planning a family vacation is a bigger task than planning a solo trip. A lot many things need to be kept in mind while choosing the right kind of destination according to each and every member of the family. Bigger the family, wider the choices! Family holidays play a major role in maintaining family ties in this super-hectic city life. A vacation is the time when you can give all your attention and love to your family which they might have been craving for! People often plan picnics, road-trips, weekend getaways or short trips depending upon their availability of time.
Arranging the trip may not be as difficult as it is to decide about the location. Fortunately, a country like India offers a variety of options when it comes to beautiful locations for leisure trips. It has mountains, beaches, valleys, deserts and other kinds of topographies to choose according to one’s likes and dislikes. But what are the places which can be best suited to spending quality time with the family? If this is the dilemma you have been going through lately, I am going to make your choice easier by giving you a list of five destinations any of which will prove to be enjoyable! So here I go:
1. Kashmir
Kashmir is the ultimate destination for all purposes! Whether it’s your honeymoon or a family trip, there is nothing better than this heaven on earth! This is one place each member of your family will happily agree for. Visit Kashmir with your family and return happier and healthier!
2. Goa
There would hardly be anyone who wouldn’t like to go to Goa at least once in a lifetime! Family trips are incomplete without some fun and recreational activities and Goa is a place which offers unbound madness for amusement. You can relax and have the best of time at the beaches in Goa.
3. Rajasthan
The palaces, lakes, forts and centuries old Rajputana culture that Jaipur boasts of is absolutely a must experience with families! The pink city of India ranks incredibly high on the cultural aspect. Experience royalty and splendour with a stay at some of the most beautiful palaces of Rajasthan!
4. Kerala
Kerala is one of the most sought after destinations for planning family vacations. If you want to delve in solitude amidst lush greenery and divine peace, head straightaway to the God’s own country! For a memorable trip, book a stay in the houseboat at the Allepey (Alappuzha)!
5. Sikkim
Sikkim might be one of the smallest States of India but it is definitely a bigger destination for its offerings! From spirituality to relaxation, this State gives you all what you desire for. The monasteries, waterfalls, Himalayan peaks and the untouched beauty of this place make it a potential destination for a family vacation!

Wednesday, September 10, 2014

INS Kamorta – India’s First Indigenously Built ASW Corvette


INS Kamorta: A name for which India should be proud of. It is India’s first indigenously built anti-submarine warfare (ASW) corvette, an integral part of the Eastern Fleet under the Eastern Naval Command.
On 23rd August 2014, Defence Minister Arun Jaitley formally commissioned the INS Kamorta into the Navy at the Naval Dockyard in Vishakhapatnam. With the hope that INS Kamorta will serve our nation effectively for a very long time, Defence Minister said that indigenous manufacturing of defence equipment is one of the main initiatives of the Government of India. Project 28 is one such project whose basic aim is at developing an indigenous warship construction industry in India. After INS Kamorta, there are three more works under way in project 28 for the manufacturing of ASW stealth corvettes.
However, it took India 8 long years to finally see the commissioning of the INS Kamorta, the work on which began in the year 2006, and launched in 2010. The maiden trials began in June 2013 and finally handed over to the Indian Navy on 12th July 2014. It is reported that the initial trial runs were not up to the mark and the engine also failed. The trial runs were conducted in Hoogly rivers. Thankfully, after the rectification of all the problems, INS Kamorta is now officially available for the Indian Navy. The ship, with Commander Manoj Jha as the First Commanding Officer, is manned by a crew comprising 13 officers and 173 sailors.
Design and features of INS Kamorta
The Directorate of Naval Design (DND) has designed INS Kamorta. It was constructed by the Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE). The ship has been named after an island in Andaman and Nicobar. According to media reports, the final cost of the ship was approximately Rs 7,800 crore.
There are four diesel engines in the propulsion system of the ship and it has a maximum speed of 25 knots. This ship is built with steel of special grade high-tensile (DMR249A), the manufacturer of which is our very own Steel Authority of India (SAIL). The 3800 kw four diesel engines have been made by Kirloskar and torpedo launchers by the Larsen & Toubro.
Indeed, it is a matter of great pride for India for as each and every part of the warship (almost 90%) is built in India. Its enhanced stealth features make it less likely to detect. It also has enhanced ‘X’ hull form and full beam superstructure. This makes the warship to have low radar cross section. The ship also uses Infra Red Signature Suppression (IRSS) which gives it very low under water voice signature. It has superb sea keeping and manoeuvrability features while also ensuring lower noise and vibration levels.
Salient features of the warship 
“India has been concerned with the presence of Chinese warships near Indian waters and the launch of these news warships is seen as a move to increase its maritime security,” Prime Minister Narendra Modi has said.
No wonder, INS Kamorta is equipped with a wide range of weapon systems to enhance the security features of our country, especially near Indian waters.
  • The warship is loaded with Naval gun systems, medium range gun and close-in-weapon system, mounted on either side of the deck. This helps in close-point safeguarding against anti-ship missiles, guided weapons, low flying aircraft and small craft.
  • The ship has heavy missiles which can counter-attack anti-ship missiles, fixed and rotary-wing aircraft .
  • The heavy weighted torpedoes and anti-submarine ASW rocket launchers mounted on the vessels help in attacking the enemy submarines.
  • The strong landing deck of the warship can support the operation of a single ASW helicopter, with a foldable hangar door.
  • The sensors of the warship include fire control radars, HUMSA (Hull Mounted Sonar Advanced) and indigenous Revathi 3D air surveillance radar which have the capability to identify the targets exceeding 200 km.
  • The Electronic Warfare System (EWS) installed on the ship further increases the survivability.
  • The ship is capable of fighting in nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) conditions.
INS Kamorta has a number of “firsts”
  • First warship of the Navy whose all weapon systems are manufactured indigenously.
  • First Indian Navy ship to be built with carbon fiber reinforced plastic. This helps in reducing weight and life cycle maintenance costs.
  • First Indian anti-submarine warfare corvette which is completely built in India.
  • First indigenous stealth corvette built by India.
  • First warship to have the Kavach decoy system for protection against anti-ship missiles.
  • First ship to have rail-less helo traversing system and foldable hangar door. This is used for handling a helicopter.
India is already in the way of constructing a three-dimensional blue-water Navy with ships and submarines to take care of India’s huge strategic and security interests in the region stretching from the Persian Gulf to the Malacca Strait. No doubt, INS Kamorta is a significant step towards India’s quest for self-reliance in indigenous warship building.

Wednesday, September 3, 2014

Nalanda University: Reviving India’s Ancient Seat Of Learning


Nalanda University, the ancient abode of learning, re-opened its doors on September 1, 2014 with an aim to restore it back to its past glory. This is indeed a very good attempt on the part of the Bihar State Government and Central Government to bring back India’s original international knowledge destination back on its track, after 800 years. With 10 faculty members and 15 students including 5 women, the first academic session began on 1st September 2014 for the programmes: Historical Sciences and Environment and Ecology. Though there were more than 1000 applications from 40 universities all around the world, only 15 students were the lucky ones to get selected, according to the Gopa Sabhrawal, vice-chancellor of Nalanda University. Out of the 15 students, 5 are women. One each is from Japan and Bhutan. All others are Indians.
A 3-day student orientation programme took place in the makeshift university campus at Rajgir, the ancient Buddhist pilgrim town, 100 km away from the capital city Patna. The actual Nalanda University, with a revived and a new look, will be set up at Rajgir, 12 km away from where the original Nalanda University stood. At present, the 15 selected students are staying in a hotel owned by Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation (BSTDC) and classes are held in the convention hall of the state government.
The formal inauguration of the university will be in mid-September and by 2020 the entire university will be completed. The plan is to include 7 schools offering studies on various fields for post-graduate and doctoral students. The selection process is going on and more students will be enrolled by the end of this month.
Ancient history of Nalanda University
Originally established by the Gupta kings in the 5th century AD, Nalanda was one of the oldest learning institutions of not only India but also of the world. Nalanda existed long before the Harvard and Cambridge. From the fifth to the twelfth century AD, Nalanda was the indisputable seat of learning with a long and illustrious position and had over 2,000 teachers and 10,000 students. Students and scholars from distant places like as China, Tibet, Mongolia, Turkey, Korea, Japan, Sri Lanka and South East Asia had come to this university for learning and teaching. The learning, ambience, architecture of this university were mentioned in ancient historical scriptures and books. Detailed accounts were given by the Chinese scholars.
The university not only embraced philosophy and Buddhist studies but also other studies like as literature and mathematics, which attracted many intellectuals from around the world. Nalanda architectural ruins and other components studied by historians revealed how the university adopted holistic nature of learning and attracted all knowledge lovers. However, this ancient abode of learning was destroyed by the Turkish invaders in the 12th century. Gradually, more new universities came up in the West like Al Azhar in Cairo, Bologna in Italy, and Oxford in the United Kingdom (1167 CE ). The centre of excellence lots its ancient glory and charm and got faded away in the ruins and from the minds of the people.
Restructuring Nalanda University
  • The first idea of reviving the university was made by Former President of India Dr APJ Abdul Kalam in 2006, while addressing the Bihar State Legislative Assembly.
  • The Nalanda University Act was passed by the Parliament in September 2010, encouraging its creation.
  • An international “mentoring panel” was formed with many foreign dignitaries and economist Amartya Sen as the Chairman of the governing body of the university.
  • The reviving of this ancient old university gained momentum by Manmohan Singh, the former UPA prime minister in East Asia Summit (EAS) in 2013, where he got foreign support for its restructuring.
  • Seven EAS countries like Cambodia, Singapore, Australia, Brunei, New Zealand, Laos and Myanmar had pledged to contribute to the project. China had committed $1 million, Australia about A$ 1million, Singapore $5-6 million, Thailand $ 1,00,000 for its reconstruction, sources said.
  • The Nalanda board had approved the architectural plan of the university in May 2013.
  • The university will be set up on a huge 443-acre campus built near the original ruins. The highlighting architectural feature will be a huge lake at the centre of the campus with a dome-shaped structure half emerged in the lake, which will act as the library.
  • The central government had sanctioned Rs. 2,700 crores for a period of 10 years.
Courses offered
The University will be restructured with an aim to attract international students and faculty who will bring global excellence into India and also spread India’s knowledge and culture to the outside world. The university will offer seven schools of learning for Master’s, M Phil and Ph D degrees:
  • Historical Studies
  • Buddhist Studies, Philosophy and Comparative Religions
  • Linguistics and Literature
  • Ecology and Environment Studies
  • International Relations and Peace Studies
  • Information Science and Technology
  • Economics and Management.
Will it be able to bring back its past glory?
Nalanda, even now, is a name known across the world as an ancient university which attracted students and scholars from far away. The new university also strives to have a global character. The new university will strive to match the same standards of the original university. Talking about the courses, Amartya Sen said that the main objective of courses like Buddhist philosophy and religious studies is to connect the modern university to its historic past. Foreign Minister of Singapore George Yeo said that the main idea was to set up a university that facilitates exchange of ideas, where each and everyone contribute to the development of others. Gopa Sabharwal, vice-chancellor said at the opening of the university on September 1st ,that the university will get a modern avatar but the original ethos will remain the same. Whether this university will be able to get back the same stature as yesteryears or not, only time will tell. Till then, let us keep our fingers crossed and pray that it will be the best known learning centre all across the world, making our country proud…

Beat it with Narendra Modi


Tuesday, September 2, 2014

The Pan-Indian Saree Goes Global


Indian women are said to be the symbol of grace and reticence. The innate elegance that they possess is not only reflected in the way they lead their life but also the way they dress. For the Western world, the image of an Indian woman is that of a lady gracefully clad in a saree with a bindi on the forehead!
It’s truly feminine. It has been the symbol of Indian culture from time immemorial. The manner of draping it might have evolved over time but the saree continues to be the traditional piece of clothing for the women across India, enhancing and shaping up her personality, especially when they step out of home. Although different regions have different types of dress depending on the sub-cultures and geographical limitations, for home wear.
Indian culture and saree 
To understand the value of a saree in the Indian culture it is very essential for us to first have an idea as to what this form of dressing actually denotes. The society we live in has always expected the women to be meek and subtle in their ways. Women were ought to be covered from head to toe in order to maintain their modesty and purity at the same time revealing their magnificence. A saree thus became a denotation of female sanctity, respect and attraction. The importance of this valuable symbol can be best explained by the fact that the centuries old custom still continues to prevail in modern times.
In the earlier times, both the upper as well as the lower class women used to dress up in saree. The style of carrying them was, however, quite distinguished from one another. Most women began wearing a saree from the age of 16. At many places, it was regarded as the formal way of dressing after marriage. As the Western culture began to cast its disastrous spell on India, many of the Indian women started adopting the Western style of dressing. It was argued that this 6-yard long clothe was quite cumbersome and too delicate to carry on a daily basis. So the Western wear became their choice.
Who are the foreign celebs wearing saree 
Today more and more women are succumbing to this Western influence. The city life has just relegated our graceful saree to occasional events. Getting into a saree, well, requires a good deal of patience and practice. The younger generation seems to be in a hurry and running away from this lovely thing and its elaborate paraphernalia.
Behold! The tables are being turned! The saree is going global, indeed. It has become a craze for celebs in the West and elsewhere to wrap themselves up in one. The list is endless: Uma Thurman, Naomi Campbell, Cameron Diaz, Pamela Anderson, Paris Hilton, Anna Hathaway, Oprah Winfrey, Jessica Alba, Lady Gga, Halle Berry, Victoria Beckham, Anna Kournikova…